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Ms. Malti P. S. Assistant Professor Dept of Commerce, Govt. Degree College, Gurumatkal-585214, (KA), India Email: malti.kodge@gmail.com |
Dr. Tanshette R. V.nb Assistant Professor Dept of Commerce, Govt. Degree College, Gurumatkal-585214, (KA), India Email: tanshette2964@gmail.com |
Dr. Kodge B. G Assistant Professor Dept of Commerce, Govt. Degree College, Gurumatkal-585214, (KA), India Email: , kodgebg@gmail.com |
Abstract:
In recent days, the traditional and manual survey based study methodologies are
replacing with new advanced electronic and online survey techniques. It’s
because of there are several limitations in the older methods such as time
consuming, requirement of additional man power, meet and convince to each and
every individual respondent personally and physically, limited area scope, etc.
The objective of this study is to understand the views, applications, and
limitations about women entrepreneurs from the society using a survey. In this
paper we are using the latest online Google forms as survey methods to
understand the social views and to make a deeper study about women
entrepreneurs in India. To complete our objectives, here we have made an
attempt to collect the online data from number of respondents using several online
social network applications, through providing a standard questionnaire.
Further the collected data is processed and mined for the detailed analysis and
received multiple results as outcomes of this study.
Keywords:
Women Entrepreneur, online survey study, use of social network, people’s views.
1.
Introduction
In
India, today the gender inequality is decreasing day by day, and majority of
women are coming out from their households to help, increase and strengthen
their family income by incorporating themselves in several kinds of
enterprises. Now every women entrepreneur is coming with several dreams and
wanted to become a successful Entrepreneur like Kiran Mozumdar, Indra Nooyi,
Chanda Kochhar, etc.
The term ‘Entrepreneurship’
refers to the act of setting up a new business or reviving an existing business
so as to take advantages from new opportunities. An entrepreneur is a person
who starts an enterprise. He searches
for change and responds to it. A number of definitions have been given of an
entrepreneur- The economists view him as a fourth factor of production along with
land labor and capital [4].
It
is no longer a male dominated world, nor is it a women dominated world. Today,
men and women both together are foraying into unchartered territories. With the
evolution of time and societal mind set, women have successfully paved paths to
build, manage and scale enterprises in the same manner as men have. Just like
their male counterparts, women entrepreneurs, too are helping in job creation,
providing to the society and yet at the same time balancing the act by being
actively involved in the family and personal matters [9].
In recent years, there
has been a heart-warming paradigm shift of demographics in the Indian corporate
landscape. The country has witnessed a titanic surge in the number of women
entering the economic wave. With emphatic strides, walking shoulder-to-shoulder
with their male counterparts, the sheer confidence exuded by them brings about
a fresh wind of change. While it has definitely been a pleasant change, it has
not been one without its fair share of struggles and challenges.
According to the
National Sample Survey Organization, only 14% of business establishments in
India are being run by women entrepreneurs. The data also revealed that most of
these women-run companies are small-scale and about 79% of them are
self-financed. This indicates that despite the innumerable initiatives taken by
women to venture beyond their domestic walls and enter the corporate world,
there seem to be several challenges that are not allowing them completely to
blossom and break on through to the other side [10].
The woman plays a
significant role in the economic development of any country. This is a
considerable factor with great emphasis on any developing scenario. Women
contribute and support the economy extensively in different ways by being
employed in many different sectors. Many successful businesses are run by women
some of whom are very skilled in entrepreneurial activities. Some of these
women are well educated and are aware of correct application of theory in
business. It is a known fact that many of the most successful and world's
largest enterprises are owned and run by women today. In developing countries,
some women are running small enterprises many of which have proven to be
successful. Women entrepreneurs in both developed and developing countries are
socially powerful in terms of education and making a positive impact on the
society [3].
But in other hand, few
people in some states of our India still think that the women should not cross
or alter their traditional/cultural boundaries, women has no rights like men, no
women should go out from their house, because women can’t become a successful
entrepreneurs, they are for household works only. To understand the people’s
views about today’s women entrepreneurs in India we have decided to get the
opinions as views from different people holding different qualifications,
occupations, etc.
The
study is high lighting the issues of gender inequality regarding women entrepreneurship
within the Indian cultural context. The question which poses itself is whether
male and female entrepreneurs are equally treated to start- up and to sustain
their business/enterprises. In addition, this study also investigating the reasons
behind the phenomena of few female entrepreneurs compared with their male
counterparts in India. It will also compare and contrast the characteristics,
motivation, concentration on types of industry, challenges and difficulties, and
support provided by government organizations [6].
2.
Methodology
The data collection is one of the important parts
and process of this study. The data collected by preparing an online
questionnaire which consists of the following 12 questions. The same is shared
in different social networks and received the responses.
1.
Full Name
2.
Qualification
3. Occupation
4. Do you believe that the women are better
entrepreneurs of this era?
5. Are women entrepreneurs playing major role in
their family's economic growth?
6. What make a woman as an Entrepreneur?
7. Whether women should invest money from her family
or she should use some government schemes for initial startup or other
expenses.
8. Do you believe that the state/central government
has sufficient schemes/policies for fulfilling the needs of women as
Entrepreneurs?
9. Are you aware of any of the government
schemes/policies made for the development of women Entrepreneurs?
10. Which are the major reasons of lack of resources
faced by women Entrepreneurs?
11. Whether women Entrepreneurs get supported and
motivated by her family always.
12. Whether the women Entrepreneurs are also
responsible for the development of national economy and others.
The above questions are designed in Google form
to get the people’s views about women entrepreneurs from the different
respondents of our society. After completing this form designing work, the
Google generated a following form submission link which is shared in social
network to get responses from different people/friends of our society.
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeVPb2lDhDVxrAwGzkDDWuBo8UJ9eWLykE2j9UZbu4K4bXSRw/viewform
In this practice we have received the total 67 number
of responses from all our friends including the people of Karnataka,
Maharashtra, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh states of India.
3.
Results and Discussion
After
collecting the varieties of responses from 67 respondents, we come to the
following results. As we have discussed there are 12 questions in the
questionnaire. The question number 1 to 3 are belongs to the personal
information of the respondents. The question number 1 is designed to collect
the names of respondents and the same cannot be publishing here due to their
privacy and security purposes. The results of responses received for every
question are discussed below separately one by one and we will start from the
second question of our questionnaire i.e. ‘2. Qualification’, and the below
figure 1 is the result of the received responses.
Figure 1. The qualifications of respondents.
Among all the received responses,
most of the respondents are well qualified and 44.8% of them are belongs to M.Phil/SLET/NET/Ph.D./PDF
holders, 32.8% are postgraduates, 14.9 are undergraduates, 3% are of diploma in
Pharmacy, and 1.5% diploma in Engineering studies.
The next question (Q. 3) belongs to
the ‘Occupation’ of the respondents. The below shown figure 2 display the
results of the received responses.
Figure
2. The occupations of respondents
The survey received several responses and most
of the respondents are belongs to government services and they are of 47.8%. There
are 19.4% people or respondents belong to private jobs/services and same 19.4%
belongs to others jobs also. There are 7.5% students and 6% businessmen people
are also participated in this study.
After
getting the basic information of respondents, we move towards the main
questionnaire part i.e. woman entrepreneur’s survey. The responses for women
entrepreneurs start from this next question i.e. (Q.4) “Do you believe that the
women are better entrepreneurs of this era”. The results of the received responses
for this question is displayed graphically in the below figure 3.
Figure
3. The responses of question number 4.
The
above displayed figure 3 showing that the majority of people (91%) believe that
the women are better entrepreneurs of this era and the and only few negligible (9%)
respondents don’t believe the same.
The
next question (Q.5) of this questionnaire is belongs to the role of women
entrepreneurs in their families with respect to their family economic growth
(family income). The below figure 4 displaying the responses received from
different respondents in this regard.
Figure
4. The responses of question number 5.
The
majority of respondents (98.5%) believe that the women play a vital role in
their family as par as the growth of their family income is concern, and only 1.5%
people are not agree with this statement.
The
next question (Q.4) of our questionnaire is belongs to the needs of women
entrepreneurs. Why a woman should become an entrepreneur? What is the need?
Figure
5. Woman as an Entrepreneur.
The
result of responses for this question 6 is displayed in above figure 5. The
options given to this question are a) Family needs, b) personal needs, c)
Traditional business, d) Passion, and e) All of above. The 65.7% respondents feel that the women
become as an entrepreneurs due to their family needs, personal needs,
traditional businesses, and passion. 20 % of the respondents feel that a woman
become entrepreneur due to family needs only and the 9% respondents think of
passion, 3% traditional business and 1.5 % of personal needs.
When
a woman wants to start a business/enterprise, then the major problem will come in
front to her is that of money/investment. If a woman already has a business and
wanted to expand the same then also this kind of questions will be raised. The
question 7 of our questionnaire is belongs to the same problem of investment
for the startup or expansion of business. In order to start or expand any
business/enterprise in our country the state and central government agencies
are providing different kinds of schemes/policies through providing initial startup
loans, resources, market, trainings etc. The same is provided as options for
this question and we received the following responses for the same as shown in the
figure 6.
In
figure 6 we can have a look on the majority of the responses (62.7%) that they believe
to use both options i.e. the own money and government schemes/policies for
investment/expansion of their businesses. The 22% people think that the
entrepreneur should invest their own money only and 14.9% like to use
government schemes only.
Figure
6. Investment options.
The state and central governments
are regularly providing different kinds of schemes and policies to help the
needful entrepreneurs for starting or expanding their businesses. In other hand
here we also wanted to know whether these government schemes/policies really
helpful for the needy. Whether these government schemes/policies are cover
overall requirements of the entrepreneurs. The same is asked in this question
8, and we received the following results as shown in below figure 7.
Figure
7. Government schemes/policies for entrepreneurs.
From the above shown figure 7, the
50.7% respondents believe that the state and central governments are having
sufficient schemes/policies to cover the needs of women entrepreneurs in our
country. The 35.8% of respondents don’t believe that these government
schemes/policies doesn’t work or fulfill the real time requirements of women
entrepreneurs and 13.4% respondents replied don’t know option.
Figure 8. Awareness of Govt. schemes/policies
With
reference to the last discussed question 8, the next question 9 is placed same
for the awareness of government schemes/policies. Here we wanted to know
whether any of the respondents are aware of any government schemes/policies which
are started for the betterment of women entrepreneurs. If yes, then how much
they are aware of it. The same responses we have received from different
respondents and they are shown in above figure 8. There are 64.2% said that
they are aware of the schemes and remaining i.e. 35.8% respondents are not.
The next question (Q.10) of our
questionnaire deals with the problems facing by women entrepreneurs like
reasons lack of resources and etc.
Figure
9. Reasons of lack of resources
The above figure 9 showing the
responses received from respondents regarding the reasons of lack of resources
faced by the women entrepreneurs. For this question we have given four options
i.e. a) Remote/Rural area, b) Financial problems, c) Unskilled manpower and d)
family problems. As response we have received 58.2% problems due to family
reasons, 52.2% due to financial problems, 43.3% due to businesses placed in
remote or rural areas, and 29.9% respondents believe due to unskilled manpower.
A woman can fight with whole world
for the justice and betterment of her family, but it could be possible only if
she feels that her family always supports/motivates her in this regard. The
same women entrepreneurs can also achieve everything, they can expand their
businesses at any mark and it can be possible by their family
support/motivation. The motivational part plays very important role to keep her
fit mentally and physically to face new challenges. The next question (Q.11) of
our questionnaire is belongs to the support and motivation to women
entrepreneurs by their family. This question is very important to be discuss
here, because to start a new business a woman always expect the support and
motivation from her family time to time.
Figure
10. Support & motivation by family
The above figure 10 shows that the
most of respondents (62.7%) think that women entrepreneurs partially get
supported by their family, and it is one of the major problems facing by any
woman entrepreneur. When an entrepreneur
doesn’t have any support and motivation from their own family, it seems to be
look like sailing in a leakage boat under ocean. The 31.3% of the respondents
agree that women get supported and motivated by her family and there are 6%
respondents didn’t given any responses in this regard.
Figure
11. Women entrepreneurs in the development of national economy
The
last question (Q.12) of our questionnaire is related to the involvement of
women entrepreneurs in national developments. The results of responses of this
question are displayed in figure 11. Most of the respondents (97%) believe that
the women entrepreneurs play a vital role in the development of national
economy and other things. Only 3% respondents said that they don’t know and
nobody is given negative response.
4.
Conclusion
This
study deals with the major parts of problems and issues of women entrepreneurs
in India. Through an online survey we have received several responses from
different respondents. Among the received responses we have observed some
notable responses which are needed to be highlighted and resolved by us, and
they are as follows:
a) Majority
of women do business for their family only, not for themselves.
b) Women are still facing investment problems in
the country.
c) There
are some limited government schemes/policies for entrepreneurship.
d) Facing
several kinds of lack of resources due to placing in a remote location,
financial problems, and family problems.
e) More
tha 62% people said that the women entrepreneurs are getting only partial
support from their families.
These
above issues are needs to be get resolve by promoting, supporting and
motivating all the women entrepreneurs in India. It’s every Indian citizen’s
responsibility that they should motivate her and help to resolve the problems time
to time.
5.
Acknowledgement
We
are very much grateful to all our friends and people who have given their
valuable time and much more responses to our shared questionnaire of this study.
Similarly, we are also thankful to the Google Inc. for giving such a wonderful
platform to do an e-survey by providing a user interface to design forms as per
their own requirements.
6.
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