In the today's world if company want to grow and be profitable, then corporates should follow the policies of corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a business system that enables the production and distribution of wealth for the betterment of its stakeholders through the implementation and integration of ethical systems and sustainable management practices. Although the concept of corporate social responsibility is not new as it has its existence from the past many decades but in the world of globalisation, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the most common and current topic which is employed by corporate, institutes and industries as a whole globally. This article analyses the meaning of corporate social responsibility based on some theories available in literature. The article then discusses the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in society's development for which the corporate are responsible because the very logic of corporate social responsibility is towards seeing its impact in community socially, environmentally and economically. Further, to make the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) more clear, article discusses its importance for the society and for the company by taking a case study of NPCIL (Nuclear Power Corporation of India's Limited). This case study shows how company can increase its profitability by implementing the ethical system and sustainable management practices of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Community Development, Corporate – Society Relations, Sustainable Management Practices.

The Aluminium industry is an essential metal industry which supplements many developmental activities of a country. Since the new millennium era, the Aluminium industry has witnessed a paradigm change in its functioning as the demand for Aluminium is increasing at a swift rate and many industrial production activities are dependent on Aluminium. The per capita Aluminium consumption has shown an upward trend during the last decade, the demand for Aluminium in automobile, consumer durable industry, tools & machine manufacturing, fabrication sector, etc. grew at an accelerating rate to support the growth and augment the Indian GDP. This change amplified the demand for capital investment by firms' to enhance the Aluminium production facilities to support the growth of manufacturing. Generally Aluminium producing firms' are capital intensive and require substantial commitment of capital resources in order to function efficiently. The purpose of this article was to determine the influence of financial leverage on firm value with special reference to Hindalco. This research paper has used secondary data sourced from the official websites of the company for the period 2011-2015. The correlation and regression tests were applied to prove the postulated hypothesis using SPSS to ascertain the influence of leverage on firm value. Overall findings indicate that there is significant negative influence of leverage on firm value with reference to Hindalco Industries Limited. Keywords: Leverage, Aluminium, Regression, Capital, Firm Value, Statistics, Correlation JEL Classification: G30, G31, G32, G39

Working capital management is important in financial management due to the fact that it plays an essential role in keeping the wheels of a business enterprises running. The business will not be able to carry on day to day activities without the availability of adequate working capital. In a common way, managing of current assets and current liability is called the Working Capital management. In any business firm, whether it is trading or manufacturing business, the relevance of working capital can never be overemphasised. Shortage of funds for working capital has caused many businesses to fail and in many cases has retarded their growth. Lack of efficient and effective utilisation of working capital leads to earn low rate of return on capital employed or even compel sustain losses. In other words, the efficiency of a business enterprise depends largely on its ability to manage its working capital. However the requirement of working capital varies from firm to firm. It is depending upon the nature of the business like production policies, market conditions, seasonality of operations, conditions of supplies etc. For manufacturing companies, working capital creates challenges because supplier and production expenses frequently require payment several months before goods are sold to customers. Aluminium companies, as a part of manufacturing sector, are required to give emphasis in this regard. In this context, it is an effort to accesses the practice of working capital management in Nalco and Hindalco through some hypothesis testing. In this paper, the authors' try to analyse the working capital management practices of NALCO and HINDALCO which would facilitate in maximizing the firm's value and the wealth of the shareholders. Keywords: Working Capital Management, Capital Insolvency, Liquidity, Ratios

With the recent accretions in the economy and the labor market, the relationship of power between employers and the job applicants have brought the concept of employer branding to lights.The organizations used marketing and branding practices to propagate fidelity in customers and they are intensifying this activity to make them attractive from an employee perspective.Thus, Employer Branding is concerned with the building a distinctive image in the minds of potential and existing employees, that an organization is a great place to work with, above all others. This study is focusedon understanding in depth, how potential recruits respond to 'the employer brands'. The paper identifies the significant factors which attract the post graduates towards potential employer.Data has primarily been collected through a structured questionnaire from MBA students. The results from the paper statistically signify that the Employer Branding has positive influence on students' decision to apply in an organization. Keywords: Employers, Employer Branding,Potential Recruits

Efficiency in communication management is an essential factor for the success of all types of projects but more so in the construction projects due to their nature and complexity. With the increasing growth of construction industry all over the world and with the involvement of multiple stakeholders who many a times are situated in different locations, the construction projects have a rigorous communication environment from planning and design departments to project construction sites. The present study explores the key role of communication in improving the processes of construction organisations managing large scale construction projects. The objective is to present the importance of efficiency in communication management in the overall functions of construction projects and also to identify important communication stages and the effects of inefficient communication management in the construction projects. A study of communication management in construction projects in India is carried out for this purpose. A critical review of literature, questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews of professionals working at managerial levels in different large-scale construction projects were conducted for this study. The results include identification of four crucial communication stages in context of construction project execution, their degree of relative importance and the major effects of communication problems on the construction projects. The results of this study would be useful to the construction business professionals, especially in the developing countries, as they point out the critical stages of construction projects which need attention. Keywords: Project Communication, Construction Projects, Communication Management

This paper aims to investigate the scope of bancassurance in Indian context. The trend of bancassurance in Indian life insurance sector for the past decade (2003-04 to 2013-14) is discussed. This research work is an empirical study primarily based on secondary data. Major indicators (population size, population structure, literacy rate, and structure of banking sector, registered insurer in India, and insurance penetration and density) of bright prospects in Indian bancassurance are identified. The share of individual new insurance premium of private life insurer and public life insurers are also analyzed. Moreover, compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of new individual insurance premium is computed to study the trend analysis of private life insurance as well as public life insurance. Insurance penetration and density trend for the Asian countries is also explored to justify the further prospects of Indian bancassurance. Major findings indicate towards the need to use the bacassurance as a distribution network for the insurance sector and validate the vibrant scope of bancassurance in India. Keywords: Bancassurance, Insurance, Banking, Insurance density, Insurance penetration.

The study attempts to test the random walk behaviour and weak form efficiency of foreign exchange market. For this purpose two exchange rates namely USD and YEN has been selected from April 2007 to Mar 2015. We have applied the Unit root and Variance ratio test to study the random walk hypothesis. The findings shows the both the exchange rates do not exhibit the random walk. Thus implies weak form of market inefficient. Further to analyze the volatility clustering and persistence we have employed GARCH (1, 1). The results show there is evidence of volatility clustering and persistence in case of both the exchange rates. This type of study is highly relevant, as the healthy functioning of foreign exchange market can lead to high economic growth. Keywords: Efficient Market Hypothesis, Volatility, Foreign Exchange Market, GARCH

Starting business is not an achievement, maintaining one is a big challenge. There are many usual and unexpected challenges that face every business whether they are large or small one. As a tourism entrepreneur every day they face various problems such as technological, economic, political, cultural and environmental problems. The present study explains the problems faced by the tourism entrepreneurs in Madurai. Keywords: Tourism, Tourism Entrepreneurs, Tourism Business

With intense competition and a highly volatile economic environment, business organizations are currently standing at crossroads of their journey where only the fittest and the fastest will be able to survive. Retail industry in India currently is one of the most profitable in terms of the revenues that it earns and the significant growth that it portrays. The size of the domestic market, particularly the burgeoning middle class of over 350 million people, is providing the desired growth impetus to the retail industry. Young consumer market with over 65% of the population under the age of 35 years is relatively well educated and economically active in fuelling the growth of the Indian retail sector. The emergence of varied formats based on specific needs of the Indian Consumer is a critical element in the growth of this sector in India. The food and grocery format is the highest contributor to the retail sector with the maximum contribution coming from traditional retailing, while penetration of modern retail is highest in the clothing and fashion segment, at 23% of the growth. From the traditional neighborhood stores, gradually, super markets, hyper markets, department stores and specialty stores have emerged. The Indian consumer is spoilt for choice and continues to be grossly pampered by retailers across all formats. In this context a consumer's choice of format and shopping situation for purchasing products becomes an important factor for these retailers. Moreover, a consumer's basket size also influences his choice of store format. The purpose of this paper is to assess the association between shopping trip pattern and a consumer's basket size. Besides, several factors have also been identified which influence a customers' choice for selecting a specific store format. The data thus collected was analyzed using t – test at 5% level of significance and factor analysis was done to identify the most sought after factors that determine consumers' choice of format for purchasing grocery items. Keywords: Store format, Shopping trip pattern, Consumer's basket size, Factor Analysis

Banking sector is going through a transition phase. Earlier banking was considered to be a low involvement transaction. However, a number of factors have brought a paradigm shift and today banking is one of the sectors where human interaction plays a key role. In order to provide customer satisfaction it is necessary to understand the needs and requirements of the customers. Earlier a major chunk of banking customers belonged to a homogenous group. Today, the banking customers come from all walks of life. The preferences of customers belonging to various demographic groups vary. This research work was conducted to understand the perceptions of service quality of customers belonging to various demographic groups. Keywords: Bank, Service Quality, Tier 2 city, Demographic Group, Lucknow.

Organizational brand which is defined as a distinct concept from common concepts of brand includes features such as intangibility, complexity and responsibility and when the organization improves and excels this concept in its internal markets, in fact the company is branding. Intra-organizational branding is considered as one of the means by which the adaption intra-organizational activity and company culture to organization branding is done. If the values of brand are known for employees or in the other words the employees realize, understand and are justified about them, surly they will be more successful in presenting brand concept and promise to beneficiaries of company. Therefore making intra-organizational brand requires an integrated framework which is made of organization management concepts, organization marketing and human resource management. As it was pointed out human resource management, as one of the fundamental bases of intra-organizational branding, has importance and specific place. Science of human resource management, as management science of the most important resource of organizations of today, has improved and some of its branches have got special importance. Branches such as knowledge management, intellectual investment management, and efficient attraction of human source and effective performance evaluation can be considered as such. In this research, it is attempted to study the effects of each branch on powerful branding. The population of this research is all of the International Development commercial corporation personnel with four hundred and seventy-five men. To analyze the sample, Cochran test is used for a determinate population. Contemplating error rate of five percent and normal distribution, the sample population was computed to 170 persons. Finally by referring to mentioned concepts in literature and use of statistical tests and gathering results, the effect of each mentioned element on Intra-organizational branding has been justified. According to acquired results the most important mentioned element is intellectual investment management and the least important one is efficient attraction. Keywords: Branding, knowledge management, intellectual capital management, efficient attraction, effective performance evaluation

The main purpose of this study is analyzing the effect of monetary policies on stock exchange on selected Top 10 Industries in Iran by using Structural Vector Auto Regressive (SVAR) method and monthly data of 2005-2012. Obtained results using SVAR method show that monetary policy has significant effect on indices of Top 10 industries in the stock market. Moreover, monetary shocks impulse respond function and the impact on index of top industries in stock market are investigated. Obtained results show that monetary shocks have different impacts on different industries. In general, obtained results show that stock market can be considered as one asset market as a channel to transfer effects of monetary policy. Keywords: Stock market, monetary policy, liquidity, interest rate, loans, structural vector auto regressive (SVAR) JEL classification: E60, E58

The present study would determine the relation between entrepreneurial orientation and the effectiveness of the steel export markets in Iran (case study: Steel industry) with a view to marketing management science. The statistical population of the study is all steel industry managers and in access sampling method was used. After collecting data, the questionnaire was provided and by using descriptive statistical methods like mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution, settlement, charting and calculation of indices, the data status was described and parametric inferential statistic also was used to gain Cronbach alpha reliability to respond to five hypotheses of study. Also by using Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) , Structural equation modeling(SEM) and Partial least square method(PLS)and by using LISREL software , the data have been analyzed. The results of the study indicated the impact of entrepreneurship orientation, product development potentials discovery, related foreign markets potentials discovery and new product discrimination on the effectiveness of the export markets. Keywords: Entrepreneurial orientation, product development potentials discovery, related foreign markets potential discovery, export markets effectiveness, new product discrimination

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of brand trust on brand loyalty in Yas Arghavani Co. In doing so, a main hypothesis and nine secondary hypotheses are posited. The secondary hypotheses concern the impact of various brand trust dimensions, including consumer satisfaction of the brand, brand reputation, company reputation, consumer trust, consumer brand experience, company honesty, brand predictability, brand identity, brand competence, on brand loyalty. This paper presents the results of a descriptive corelational survey. The theoretical framework is developed through desk research while a field study is conducted to collect the required data. The statistical population includes all of the company's customers, of which a stratified multistage random sample of 381 is drawn. Data were gathered using a questionnaire developed by the authors. A group of experts confirmed the validity of the instrument while reliability was demonstrated by calculating Cronbach's alpha, yielding an acceptable value of 0.77. For analysis purposes, structural equations modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were performed via the SPSS and LISREL statistical software environments. Descriptive results indicate that attitude toward brand loyalty as well as brand trust and its dimensions in Yas Arghavani Co. are significantly greater than average. According to the results, for a confidence interval of 99 percent, brand trust and its dimensions including consumer satisfaction, brand reputation, company reputation, consumer trust, consumer brand experience, company honesty, brand predictability, brand identity, and brand competence, significantly impact brand loyalty among customers. Keywords: Brand trust, Customer brand loyalty, Customer brand satisfaction, Company honesty, Yas Arghavani Co.

The staffing schedule according to the objectives of the system and minimizing the cost of production is among the most important factors in productivity. Manpower planning as the means of ensuring the human resources needed to achieve the organization's goals and its mathematical modeling is important for planners. Given that to solve staffing timing issue is very time consuming, in this paper, genetic algorithm is used to solve the proposed model. Therefore, many mathematical models have been used to formulate the scheduling in organizations and through a variety of methods have been tried to solve them. Considering the absence right for the personnel is one of the advantages of the proposed model. Since the cost is regarded as damage, the problem has changed to the cover mode. First, parameters and all restrictions are included with respect to information of the problem and modeling is implemented; then, the problem is solved with genetic algorithm. Finally, results of computations obtained based on different evaluations about the personnel's number suggest that in the given problem, 90 personnel can satisfy restrictions and reduce penalties at the best. Keywords: Staff scheduling, genetic algorithm, work pattern, mathematical modeling.

intangible assets through increasing, developing and implementing them within their organizations in order to gain and maintain the ability to compete in today's markets. It is important for a company to figure out how to manage its intellectual capitals while creating and maintaining an adequate balance between various components of intellectual capital. The present study aims to identify and determine the priorities of main components of intellectual capital in Telecommunication Company of Khuzestan province of Iran. The Analytic Hierarchy Process )AHP( approach is used under fuzzy conditions in order to tackle this task. Initially, main components of intellectual capital were identified through examining available literature in congruence with the study subject. Then a questionnaire was designed and distributed to 10 senior managers of Telecommunication Company in order to make benchmarking comparisons and consequently prioritize those components. Collected data were analyzed using the EXCEL software package. The findings have shown that effect of procedure and processes efficiency, innovation in process and products, and investments in R&D activities are the most important factors, respectively. Furthermore, managers are found to attach much higher level of importance to human capitals than to structural capital. Keywords: : Intangible assets, intellectual capital, human capital, structural capital, fuzzy, AHP

Since the positive discretionary accruals in enterprises with high growth are priced to a greater extent and pricing of positive discretionary accruals depend to enterprises information environment, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between enterprises growth and pricing of discretionary accruals in small and medium-sized enterprises. In this study the multivariate regression and EGLS panel method are used. The sample of study consists of 123 enterprises from 2011 to 2014. Results show that in small and mediumsized enterprises with low and high growth there is a direct and meaningful relationship between sensitivity of stock returns and discretionary accruals and also in small and medium-sized enterprises with low and high growth stock returns sensitivity to non-discretionary accruals is not significant. As a result, it seems that sensitivity of stock returns to discretionary accruals is more than non-discretionary accruals. Keywords: Discretionary Accruals, Non-discretionary Accruals, Enterprise Growth

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between strategies of organizational culture and organizational effectiveness in the public sector offices. This applied research uses a descriptive approach and conducted as a correlational study. The data collected using a questionnaire with 51 items and a high validity and reliability, such that the reliability of questionnaires that calculated for the variables using Cronbach's alpha (strategies of organizational culture and organizational effectiveness) are 0.786 and 0.859. The statistical population of the study includes all the employees of the government departments of Sanandaj city in 2016. The questionnaires were distributed using the random sampling method and in the end among the 253 distributed questionnaires, 250 questionnaires were studied analyzed using parametric statistical tests (correlation and regression). The findings of the study suggest that there is a significant and positive relationship between strategies of organizational culture and organizational effectiveness and the correlation coefficient is equal to 0.250. Among the strategies of organizational culture, the participatory culture has a significant and direct relationship with organizational effectiveness, and the mission culture has a significant and inverse relationship with organizational effectiveness and no significant relationship observed a flexible between culture and a hierarchical culture. Keywords: Organizational culture, organizational effectiveness, employee, provincial governor

The main purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between characteristics of chief executive officer and company ownership with investment cash flow sensitivity. In order to assess the exact impact of each factor on the dependent variables, each of these components were tested in the two main hypotheses. The purpose of the study is applied and its method is descriptive-correlation.In order to test the hypotheses, 74 companies of Tehran Stock Exchange from2010 to 2014 were selected from 370 companies. The results of the study showed a significant negative relationship between the characteristics of chief executive officer and company ownership with investment cash flow sensitivity. According to the tests, there is a significant negative relationship between characteristics of chief executive officer and company ownership with investment cash flow sensitivity; that is, more optimistic chief executive officer and focus on stock can result in the reduction of investment cash flow sensitivity. Keywords: Management optimism, investment cash flow sensitivity, company ownership Lucknow.